This piece of work is basically an attempt by the authors to review the evolution of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) from Linguistic to Social Sciences. The overall objective is to examine the trajectory and scope of CDA as applied in various disciplines in the social sciences. The paper shows how and when CDA becomes critical and highlights the major components and dimensions of CDA.

Nyerere is in many quarters considered a master philosopher in Africa. His philosophy was overwhelmingly agrarian although he wrote on other topics such as freedom, education and liberation. This paper considers Nyerere?s populist theory of Africa Socialism and his attempt to construct sociological systems covering the whole society. Rural development policy in Tanzania from the 1960s to the 1970s was based on Nyerere?s social and economic philosophy. The application of Nyerere?s philosophy to rural development (the creation of Ujamaa or communal/socialist villages) and its problems are considered. The philosophy is compared to earlier similar intellectual movements in Europe. The paper argues that the application of the philosophy in policy went hand in hand with the decline of the open society. It advocates the promotion of an open philosophy and an open society where everyone in free to investigate problem-situations and propose solutions.

Nyerere is in many quarters considered a master philosopher in Africa. His philosophy was overwhelmingly agrarian although he wrote on other topics such as freedom, education and liberation. This paper considers Nyerere?s populist theory of Africa Socialism and his attempt to construct sociological systems covering the whole society. Rural development policy in Tanzania from the 1960s to the 1970s was based on Nyerere?s social and economic philosophy. The application of Nyerere?s philosophy to rural development (the creation of Ujamaa or communal/socialist villages) and its problems are considered. The philosophy is compared to earlier similar intellectual movements in Europe. The paper argues that the application of the philosophy in policy went hand in hand with the decline of the open society. It advocates the promotion of an open philosophy and an open society where everyone in free to investigate problem-situations and propose solutions.

Nyerere is in many quarters considered a master philosopher in Africa. His philosophy was overwhelmingly agrarian although he wrote on other topics such as freedom, education and liberation. This paper considers Nyerere?s populist theory of Africa Socialism and his attempt to construct sociological systems covering the whole society. Rural development policy in Tanzania from the 1960s to the 1970s was based on Nyerere?s social and economic philosophy. The application of Nyerere?s philosophy to rural development (the creation of Ujamaa or communal/socialist villages) and its problems are considered. The philosophy is compared to earlier similar intellectual movements in Europe. The paper argues that the application of the philosophy in policy went hand in hand with the decline of the open society. It advocates the promotion of an open philosophy and an open society where everyone in free to investigate problem-situations and propose solutions.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has not only attracted the attention of scholars but also necessitated shifts in research focus and theoretical tendencies in varied scientific disciplines. This paper reflects on the theoretical tendencies eminent in an anthropological research genre that is commonly known as the anthropology of AIDS. The paper argues that alongside the biomedical model, the anthropology of AIDS has been dominated by cultural and structural models, leaving a limited or no room for human agency until recently. Nonetheless, the last two decades have witnessed the integration of actor-oriented perspectives into the anthropology of AIDS and other fields of HIV/AIDS studies. Equally important, I contend that the theoretical dynamics in the anthropology of AIDS are reflective of theoretical trends in Anthropology and other social sciences such as Sociology

This article discusses the extent to which tourism has impacted on the livelihoods of local communities on the Zanzibar archipelago. Zanzibar forms special focus of this study since it is famed for its historical, archaeological and beach tourism. The discussion draws largely on qualitative data on whether tourism activities and income at the macrolevel connect poorly with the improvement of living standards of local communities in Zanzibar. The findings suggest that tourism in Zanzibar has yet to alleviate the incidence of poverty in the local community. The study recommends a holistic conceptualisation and understanding of tourism and how the industry can benefit local communities. Also emphasised is the need for a clear and practical approach to assessing tourism?s contribution in Zanzibar.

Long before the colonial period, Jos-Plateau in Nigeria had been attracting people from different parts of the region because of its large deposits of tin and iron ore. During the colonial period, the region was conquered and incorporated into the world capitalist economy. To exploit properly the rich mineral deposits of the area, the British colonial government in conjunction with European mining companies resorted to forced labour. In consequence, large numbers of people from Katsina Emirate were conscripted and taken to Jos-Plateau from 1906 to 1950 when the forced labour was finally abolished in the country. It is against this background that the paper examines the social and economic conditions of the labourers in the tin mining fields of Jos-Plateau with particular emphasis placed on the experiences of Katsina conscripts from 1906-1950.